The ٍٍExamination of Socio-Cultural Thoughts of Habl-Ul-Matin Newspaper of Calcutta about Reform and Modernization in Iran (An Emphasis on New Sciences and Modern Education)

The ٍٍExamination of Socio-Cultural Thoughts of Habl-Ul-Matin Newspaper of Calcutta about Reform and Modernization in Iran (An Emphasis on New Sciences and Modern Education)

Dr. Mehdi Faraji

The Wars of Iran and Russia opened a new landscape for Iranians and compelled them to revise their perspective about own civilization and the Western civilization. In other words, Iranians understood a gap between the Iranian and the Western civilizations after those wars. By the formal and bureaucratic reforms and by increasing communications and awareness of people and politicians, critical discourses have been generated in the society. Mass media such as newspapers had important role in explaining the causes of Iran’s backwardness. Habl-Ul-Matin Newspaper of Calcutta, published in more than 30 years, had considerable role in promotion of modern thoughts and modernizations by critical approach to Iran’s situation and the practices of the state and presented some alternatives for better conditions. The main question of this research is that how Habl-Ul-Matin Newspaper explained the role of Iran’s education system in relation of modernization. It seems that this Newspaper believed that there was a direct relation between undeveloped education system and backwardness of the country and suggested that public education system must be compulsory for all people.

Keywords: Habl-Ul-Matin Newspaper of Calcutta, Reform, Modernization, Public Compulsory Education, Modern Sciences and Technologies.